Throughout history, there have been major changes that greatly influenced the way societies live. Naturally,
these changes impacted the architecture and decoration of these societies. Today, after discussing other styles such as
traditional Japanese architecture and
Mediterranean architecture, we want to talk about one of our favorite architectural movements:
Modernism. From
Behind Pictures, we invite you to explore the history and characteristics of one of the most fascinating movements of recent history:
Modernism.
What Is Modernism?
Modernism is a
creative renewal movement that sought to break with traditional forms and bring fresh air to academicist architectural designs (historicist) and avant-garde approaches (impressionism or realism). This movement emerged in the
late 19th century, when change was in the air across Europe due to the
Second Industrial Revolution and
technological advances previously unimaginable. Its essence lies in
seeking new aesthetic and artistic forms inspired by nature, in contrast to the industrial period. Modernism can be described as a
cultural movement that modernized society, particularly in Catalonia, where it had a significant impact. Beyond architecture, the movement influenced
literature,
painting,
sculpture,
furniture and jewelry design, and
music.
Origins and Historical Context of Modernism
As mentioned, Modernism arose during a period of major changes. The
Industrial Revolution marked a before and after in the way the world was understood. During this time, there was a growing need for consumer goods and mass production. In response to this dehumanizing context, artists developed Modernism, a movement that valued
handcrafted work in materials like wood and iron. Although Modernism was present throughout Europe, in Catalonia and especially
Barcelona, it had an unparalleled impact. Between 1885 and 1920, the city underwent a true transformation:
with the demolition of the city walls, the Eixample district was born, and the
1888 Universal Exposition crowned the urban and economic development of the city.
Characteristics and Materials of the Modernist Style
At a time when buildings and construction methods had become monotonous, Modernism is characterized by
lightness,
decoration as an inseparable element of each work, and
asymmetry. It is notable that a style, ultimately the antithesis of industrialization, incorporated
industrial materials such as iron and glass.
Nature is always present, depicted in both facades and interiors, as well as in some furniture. Another characteristic of Modernism is the emergence and use of
new ways of articulating volume; this includes omega-shaped and even parabolic arches, as well as
curved and oblique walls.
Our Favorite Examples of Catalan Modernism
When we say
Modernism was especially important in the development of Barcelona, we mean it: the city has
nine Modernist buildings listed as World Heritage sites. There is even a Modernism route! Today, we want to offer a summary of three of our favorite Modernist buildings in Barcelona.
Casa Batlló
A Modernist axis in Barcelona is Passeig de Gràcia, where an iconic building stands out: Casa Batlló. Although the original plan was to demolish the building and construct a new one, Antoni Gaudí, the true genius of Modernism, executed a
complete renovation including the
facade,
total redistribution of partitions, and a significant
expansion of the light well to optimize natural light. This house is a true
work of Modernist art, so
functional it feels almost like a contemporary building.
Hospital de Sant Pau
The Hospital de Sant Pau, designed by Lluís Domènech i Montaner, is one of the
references of Modernism in the city. It was conceived as a
garden-city where patients could recover from ailments. Visiting its pavilions and gardens is a wonder, worthy of being considered
UNESCO World Heritage since 1997.
Sagrada Família
Since the laying of the first stone of the Sagrada Família, 135 years have passed, and five generations have witnessed its evolution. The brilliant Antoni Gaudí envisioned this
project by and for the people. A man of faith and an observer of nature, he sought to build a temple that celebrated both, connecting them into one. It is
one of the most famous and important Modernist buildings worldwide, which we hope to see completed soon.
Behind Pictures, Your Rendering Studio in Barcelona
What did you think of our
review of Barcelona Modernism? It’s a style we love and keep in mind for our projects. So, if you have an idea of how you’d like a new space, your home, or your company building to look… don’t hesitate to consult us and
contact us! Our team will develop a
100% personalized 3D rendering project designed to meet all your needs.
